MSF Beyond Playtime: How Play Therapy Supports Children’s Mental Health

In Kenema, Sierra Leone, play therapy is used at the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) mother and child hospital to support children’s mental well-being, address developmental delays, and meet emotional needs. Although undervalued in some communities, play is important as it helps children regain confidence and physical strength, while enforcing bonding between children and their caregivers. This helps foster a lifelong mental health resilience.

“My family used to stop me from playing with my son”, says Adama Williams. “They see playing as something foolish.”

Adama and her one-year-old son, Morrison Williams, arrived at the MSF mother and child hospital in Kenema in August, after Morrison suffered a high fever. He was later diagnosed with malaria, which made him too weak to walk. She explained that play sessions inside the hospital played a key role in her son’s recovery, as it was through these activities that he began using a baby walker and gradually regained his ability to walk.

“After joining the group play session three times, he started to walk again.” said Adama.

1 year-old Morrison Williams, and his mother Adama Williams, engage in an individual play session at MSF Mother and Child Hospital. Adama is making a rattle using rice and an empty plastic bottle. © Mary Dumbuya/MSF

In some Sierra Leonean communities, particularly in rural areas where families work as farmers, play is often undervalued and discouraged. Prioritizing food and daily livelihoods, many view play as a non-essential activity that does not contribute to family or community.

At the MSF mother and child hospital in Kenema, MSF teams provide essential care to pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children under five, with play therapy as a part of our comprehensive healthcare approach. Through the mental health and psychosocial support unit, known as the ‘Nepo’ center [‘Nepo’ meaning comfort in the local Mende language], play supports children’s emotional expression, builds social skills and addresses developmental delays.

Fanta Morri, 3-year-old, holds a doll toy in the in-patient ward at MSF Mother and Child Hospital in Kenema, Sierra Leone. She accompanies her mother, Umu Morri, 25, and 8-month-old sister Ramatu, who is receiving treatment for fever and frequent stools. © Mary Dumbuya/MSF

“Play can really benefit children’s development and mental well-being. It fosters confidence and resilience, promotes trust from the children to the caregivers and lays a vital foundation for their mental health.” says Kemoh Kargbo, play counselor at the MSF hospital in Kenema.

Play also deepens bonding between children and caregivers by enabling positive interactions. Through activities like group play or ball games, children freely express emotions and develop social skills, while caregivers learn to respond to their needs. Bonding with a caregiver creates a secure attachment, providing children with a foundation of safety and emotional support. This fosters confidence, enabling children to explore their environment, manage stress and cope with frustration effectively.

“At the hospital, play therapy starts with ward screenings and physical exams by the MSF team,” says Kemoh. “We assess children for developmental delays, like crawling, walking or cognitive development and bonding with the caregivers, based on their age. We then tailor play sessions to meet their specific needs.”

MSF play counselor, Kemoh Kargbo inside the toy room at the Mental Helth Centre inside the MSF Mother and Child Hospital in Kenema, Sierra Leone. © Mary Dumbuya/MSF
MSF play counselor Kemoh Kargbo, leading a group play therapy session with children and caregivers at the playground inside the MSF Mother and Child Hospital in Kenema, Sierra Leone. © Mary Dumbuya/MSF

When Isata Sheriff brought her daughter, two-year-old Maella Conteh, to the hospital, she was severely ill and previously uninterested in playing or interacting. After joining play sessions, Maella began playing with balls and a toy car.

“She was uninterested before, but now she’s happy, and that makes me happy too,” Isata said.

Five times a week, the mental health team conducts group play sessions within the hospital, focusing on psychosocial need assessment and skill-building. These sessions create a supportive environment to educate caregivers and parents about the value of play, teaching them how to engage with their children and create simple toys to continue playing at home.

“Children here love rattles,” says Kemoh. “Most parents or caregivers cannot afford toys, so we teach them to create rattles using rice and empty plastic bottles, enabling them to continue playing at home.”

Two-year-old Maella Conteh sits on a bed, playing with bubbles and a doll inside the Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centre at the MSF Mother and Child Hospital in Kenema, Sierra Leone. © Mary Dumbuya/MSF

Since 2022 to July 2025, MSF teams have facilitated 1,937 group play sessions, engaging 23,665 participants and screening 4,985 patients in the Intensive Therapeutic Feeding Center (ITFC). These initiatives provide vital opportunities to support the mental well-being of children in circumstances like Morrison and Maella’s.

MSF play counselor Kemoh Kargbo holds the hand of 3-year-old Michael Lagbay in the pediatrics ward at MSF Mother and Child Hospital in Kenema, Sierra Leone. Kemoh is conducting a developmental assessment for Michael, testing his motor progression. Michael was brought to the hospital by his grandmother, Abie Ansumana, after experiencing a high fever due to malaria. © Mary Dumbuya/MSF

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This is the media office for the UK office of Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF), an international, independent, medical humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, natural disasters and exclusion from healthcare. MSF offers assistance to people based on need, irrespective of race, religion, gender or political affiliation.

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