MSF LEBANON: Supporting forcibly displaced communities across Lebanon

Access to safe water and sanitation remains one of the most essential pillars of health, protection and dignity in displacement. Across Lebanon, MSF has been strengthening water and sanitation conditions in shelters to ensure people regain access to the essentials including the ability to wash, clean living spaces, manage waste, and protect their health, privacy and dignity after being forced to leave their homes abruptly under Israeli bombardment and blanket evacuation orders.

Maryam Srour, communications manager in Lebanon reflects on her time visiting families living in a temporary shelter where daily life is shaped by prolonged displacement and difficult living conditions.

“I was here in October 2024, during the last escalation of war in Lebanon. At the time, MSF teams were repairing rundown pipes and toilets so that people who had taken refuge inside, many with additional needs, would have access to clean water and safe living conditions.

I didn’t realise until I stepped into the building again in March how much I had tried to forget it.

Grey walls. Grey ceilings. Grey floors. The same scenes. The same struggles.

I step into a space stripped of warmth and colour. Puddles of water litter the floors and corners. Rooms with gaping windows are stacked with bits of cloth and cardboard—anything to keep the inevitable cold and rain at bay.

And the sounds.

The sounds of water dripping and people coughing greet me through the dilapidated corridors.

This building was once the site of one of the most advanced hospitals in Beirut. My mother tells me it was home to the first MRI machine in the city. My grandmother even sought care here once in 1990.

After years of civil unrest, it was abandoned, left to decay.

A building that once represented medical care and recovery, now depicts something else entirely.

A collective shelter, home to nearly four hundred people displaced once again.

Mothers. Elderly people. Patients on dialysis and cancer treatment. Families from different walks of life, brought together by displacement.

No toilets. No running water. And a daily struggle made a thousand times harder.

I am here as part of an MSF team. Our mobile clinics and different teams visit shelters like this one, responding to the mountain of needs people face.

My colleague, Mohammad Dandash, MSF logistics manager, walks me through the 12-storey building. MSF worked here during the 2024 escalation, clearing grey water and repairing toilets for people with disability or additional needs. Following the ceasefire, families returned home.

Sixteen months later, with intensified Israeli bombardment and widespread evacuation orders, more than one million people in Lebanon have been forced from their homes – some for the second or third time.

From Floor to Floor: A Heavy Journey

The basement is a no-go zone, marred by decades of waste and stagnant water.

On the staircase, an elderly man passes by carrying empty jerrycans. Mohammad tells me that soon this daily climb—up and down, repeatedly—will no longer be necessary. MSF teams have installed 15,000-litre water tanks and are working to restore the piping system to bring clean, reliable water into the building.

We reach the third-floor landing, the grey around me is interrupted by bright bits of clothes hung to dry on lines of rope, and a beige door every few metres. The light is dim,

but there are signs of life here. A crooked wheelchair sits idly by a door, its owner nowhere to be seen.

And then, a woman greets me with a smile.

“We have a newborn on this floor. Would you like to see her?”

I return the smile, instinctively, even as something tightens in my chest at the thought of a newborn in a place with the constant sound of dripping water. I follow her into a room marked ‘302’, and my heart sinks.

Little Nour lies wrapped in pink. She was born on 16 March, on a night when Israeli airstrikes pounded her former neighbourhood. Her mother remembers the sound of relentless bombardment as she went into labour. A week earlier, the family had fled their home in Beirut’s southern suburbs and taken refuge in this room with a framed opening. A piece of cloth now a substitute for where glass should be, attempting to block the wind and rain. Mattresses are stacked in the corner. A worn rug marks the space where shoes must come off.

Her mother is warm and welcoming. “I keep sanitising and cleaning,” she tells me. “I’m almost obsessive about it. She’s so young, and I don’t want her to catch anything.”

Across the hall, Ali (10) and Abbas (5) play quietly. Both were born with cognitive and mobility difficulties. Both need special care.

“Abbas was improving so much with physical and speech therapy,” says their aunt, Zainab. But the war took that away. She and her brother both lost their jobs and incomes. The therapy stopped.

Then came the forced displacement. How can care and recovery continue when daily life revolves around securing basics: flood, clean water and warmth?

Zainab used to work as a cleaner in a restaurant, so she understands firsthand what these conditions mean. “I just want them to have a future,” she says.

“Staying healthy becomes a daily struggle.”

Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene are not only a matter of dignity, they are also a serious public health risk. They increase the likelihood of preventable skin conditions and communicable diseases, particularly among children and those who are already medically vulnerable.

They also reshape daily life in quieter, more insidious ways. Our medical teams have even seen people develop urinary tract infections because they reduce their water intake to avoid having to find a toilet.

“People who were displaced to these places often arrive with nothing, but what makes the situation worse is not having the minimum conditions to live safely,” explains Elena Fernandez, MSF deputy logistics coordinator.

“Without water and sanitation, even staying healthy becomes a daily struggle.”

Across Lebanon, MSF teams are working in 252 shelters like this one to protect people’s health and support the basic need for clean water and sanitation—rehabilitating water systems and responding to urgent WASH needs. So far, they have installed 490 toilets and 160 showers, and set up around 250 sinks and 50 water tanks, helping families access safe water and reduce the risk of disease. To meet daily needs, teams have distributed 1,197 cleaning kits and 15,715 hygiene kits, as well as relief items like blankets and mattresses, while providing 419,127 litres of drinking water and trucking over 19.5 million litres to shelters—supporting thousands of people trying to cope with life in displacement.

Alongside this, mobile clinics reach those otherwise cut off from care, while medical teams treat chronic conditions, provide mental health support, and respond to emergencies triggered by the ongoing violence.

Our work is done in coordination with the Lebanese authorities, supporting and complementing local response efforts to expand access to essential services for displaced communities. But the needs remain immense.

One floor above, I meet Hassana.

The first time I meet her, she is wearing a mask, her eyes heavy. She mistakes me for a member of the logistics team and pulls me aside. “Thank you for working on the toilets,” she says. “I have a special request.”

When Mohammad arrives, she clings to him. The tears she had been holding back spill over.

Hassana was diagnosed with cancer just one week before she was displaced. She was prescribed immediate radiotherapy. After each session, her doctor instructed her to isolate, both for her own safety, and to protect others. But how can you isolate in a shared shelter? How do you protect others when you share a communal toilet with 40 other people?

“I am ready to die,” she tells me quietly. “But I don’t want to hurt anyone else while I do.”

The second time I meet her, she is different. Lighter. Brighter.

MSF teams have installed a latrine inside her room, helping her continue her treatment safely, with privacy and dignity.

She takes me to meet her two birds, Kiko and Koukou. She smiles describing their reaction when she returned to rescue them.

“They are souls, like my children. How could I leave them behind?”

There is something hard to describe in the way people look at my colleague Mohammad, and others wearing the MSF vest here. They approach the team requesting basics like medical care, hygiene items, diapers. Not with hesitation. rather with smiles and trust.

And I realise that this trust is founded in our presence, on consistency, on showing up and responding, again and again.

As I write down their requests, I hold on to that same belief: that we will continue to respond.

“This will pass,” Hassana tells me. “My illness will pass. This war will pass. Everything will pass, as long as we return home, safe and victorious.”

Her words linger as we move through the building, past hundreds of lives suspended in uncertainty.

This shelter is not an exception. Across Lebanon, in schools, tents, and unfinished buildings, thousands of displaced people are living under similar conditions—without reliable access to water, sanitation, or basic services.

MSF teams are responding in sites like this one across the country, working to restore what has been lost: not only infrastructure, but the minimum conditions for health, dignity, and the possibility of recovery.”

B-ROLL:

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WEBCLIP:

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